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Program Verification - Iris

Concurrent and distributed programs that form the infrastructure of online services, e.g., online banking, power grid control, government services, are notoriously difficult to design and implement. This is in part due to the sheer scale of software components that run in parallel and interact with one another. Our research focuses on developing program logics, techniques based on mathematical logic designed for formal reasoning about these systems and proving their correctness. The state-of-the-art program logic in this area of research is Iris: a higher-order concurrent separation logic framework, implemented and proven sound in the Rocq proof assistant. Iris is a collaborative project between multiple universities, with Aarhus University being one of the main contributors. It has been used to reason about a wide range of systems (ranging from distributed higher-order concurrent imperative programs to the low-level assembly language of capability machine programs) and wide range of correctness properties (safety, liveness, probabilistic properties, and security properties). 

Social Impact

Iris has been used in industry, e.g., by researchers at Facebook/Meta and by start-up company Bedrock systems.  Moreover, it has been used to verify essential properties of the Rust programming language, the OCaml programming language, and Web Assembly. It has also been used to study low-level hardware security and privacy guarantees offered by so-called capability machines, the next generation of processors. 

Key publications

See Iris page for more than 100 publications using Iris, and lecture notes (both for pen-and-paper course, and for use with Rocq proof assistant). 

R. Jung, R. Krebbers, J-H. Jourdan, A. Bizjak, L. Birkedal, and D. Dreyer 
Iris from the Ground Up: A Modular Foundation for Higher-Order Concurrent Separation Logic (Journal of Functional Programming'18) 

R. Jung, D. Swasey, F. Sieczkowski, K. Svendsen, A. Turon, L. Birkedal, and D. Dreyer 
Iris: Monoids and Invariants as an Orthogonal Basis for Concurrent Reasoning (POPL'15) Most Influential Paper Award at POPL 2025. 

Robbert Krebbers, Amin Timany, Lars Birkedal 
Interactive Proofs in Higher-Order Concurrent Separation Logic (POPL'17: ACM SIGPLAN)