Higher-Order and Symbolic Computation, 19(4)

Abstract: Escape analysis of object-oriented languages approximates the set of objects which do not escape from a given context. If we take a method as context, the non-escaping objects can be allocated on its activation stack; if we take a thread, Java synchronisation locks on such objects are not needed. In this paper, we formalise a basic escape domain E as an abstract interpretation of concrete states, which we then refine into an abstract domain ER which is more concrete than E and, hence, leads to a more precise escape analysis than E. We provide optimality results for both E and ER, in the form of Galois insertions from the concrete to the abstract domains and of optimal abstract operations. The Galois insertion property is obtained by restricting the abstract domains to those elements which do not contain garbage, by using an abstract garbage collector. Our implementation of ER is hence an implementation of a formally correct escape analyser, able to detect the stack allocatable creation points of Java (bytecode) applications.