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Applications of XML

A few examples:
XHTML (www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1)
W3C's XMLization of HTML 4.0. Example XHTML document:
  <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
  <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">
    <head><title>Hello world!</title></head>
    <body><p>foobar</p></body>
  </html>
  

CML (www.xml-cml.org)
Chemical Markup Language. Example CML document snippet:
  <molecule id="METHANOL">
    <atomArray>
      <stringArray builtin="elementType">C O H H H H</stringArray>
      <floatArray builtin="x3" units="pm">-0.748 0.558 -1.293 -1.263 -0.699 0.716</floatArray>
    </atomArray>
  </molecule>
  

OMF

Weather Observation Markup Format - for weather observation reports.

XPML

Extensible Phone Markup Language - for interactive voice applications.

[www.oasis-open.org/cover/xml.html#applications contains a huge list of serious XML applications]